Which set best describes neurogenic bladder signs?

• A. Mild to severe incontinence, inability to empty bladder fully, difficulty starting and stopping voiding; spastic= frequent, flaccid= overfilling
• B. Nocturnal leg cramps and hair loss
• C. Increased thirst and polyuria
• D. Painful urination only at night

Answer: (A)

Neurogenic bladder arises when neural control of the bladder storage and emptying reflexes is disrupted, leading to problems with both holding urine and releasing it. The best description captures a spectrum: people can have incontinence of varying degree, trouble fully emptying the bladder, and difficulty initiating or stopping urination due to impaired coordination. Describing two possible patterns helps: spastic (detrusor overactivity) tends to cause frequent urination and urge incontinence, while flaccid (detrusor underactivity) leads to bladder overfilling and overflow incontinence. This combination—variable incontinence with impaired emptying and initiation—fits neurogenic bladder signs well.

The other options don’t align with neurogenic bladder. Nocturnal leg cramps and hair loss aren’t related to bladder control. Increased thirst and polyuria point toward diabetes. Painful urination only at night suggests a urinary tract infection or irritation.